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The Daily Janchetna

Year11, Issue:17, Monday, Nov.23,2020.

. Message of the Day .

On material level, Food, Clothing and Shelter are primary needs of human beings. Without them, survival is not possible. Food provides energy to the body and without consuming food at a particular level; no one can survive for long. Clothing is required to face calamities of uneven climate. Suitable shelter is needed for protection from unfriendly creatures and provides with adequate rest to the limbs of the body for proper functioning. Thus balanced diet, comfortable clothing and protecting but ventilated premises have been recommended for a long & healthy living food, clothing and shelter. They ought to be the fundamental rights of one and all.

.  History of Mankind-5 .

In modern times, most of us believe in the Theory of Origin of Mankind but different scholars have put different theories and none is able to answer to all the relevant results satisfactorily. As a student of history of Mankind, this will be interesting to go through some of them, read between the lines and then conclude. 

LiveScience.com has given Seven Theories, first being Electric Spark.

According to this theory, lightning may have provided the spark needed for life to begin.

Electric sparks can generate amino acids and sugars from an atmosphere loaded with water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen, as was shown in the famous Miller-Urey experiment reported in 1953, suggesting that lightning might have helped create the key building blocks of life on Earth in its early days. Over millions of years, larger and more complex molecules could form.  Although research since then has revealed the early atmosphere of Earth was actually hydrogen-poor, scientists have suggested that volcanic clouds in the early atmosphere might have held methane, ammonia and hydrogen and been filled with lightning as well.

. Today’s History .

23rd November

Important Events:

1926 — Sathya Sai Baba, Indian guru, was born 

1897 — Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali−English writer  was born 

Jagadish Chandra Bose

A Bengali physicist who did pioneering research in wireless wave technology, Jagadish Chandra Bose was born on November 30, 1858. When he died on November 23, 1937, he left behind a rich and diverse legacy, not only as a founding father of experimental science in India, but also as a botanist, biologist and thinker. Add to this the fact that he was one of the earliest science fiction writers in Bengali!

Bose was born in Bikrampur, Bengal (now a part of Bangladesh’s Munshiganj district). His father, Bhagawan Chandra, a prominent member of the Hindu reformist organisation Brahmo Samaj, worked as a senior government official.

Bose studied early on in a vernacular school as his father was keen that he should be familiar with his mother tongue. Bose later remarked, “At that time, sending children to English schools was an aristocratic status symbol. In the vernacular school, to which I was sent, the son of the Muslim attendant of my father sat on my right side, and the son of a fisherman sat on my left…It was because of my childhood friendship with them that…I never realised that there existed a problem common to the two communities, Hindus and Muslims.”

Bhagawan Chandra was relatively well off but he invested his savings in several business ventures such as tea-growing in Assam, most of which failed and he went heavily into debt. Recalling his father’s entrepreneurial adventures, in a lecture in 1917, Bose said with remarkable eloquence: “[E]veryone had said that he [my father] wrecked his life, which was meant for far greater things. Few realise that out of the skeletons of myriad lives, vast continents have been built. It is on the wreck of a life like his and of many such lives that will be built the Greater India yet to be.”

After finishing his school education and securing a Bachelor’s degree, Bose went to Britain to study medicine, but had to leave it on account of ill health. He then studied Natural Science at Cambridge.

After returning to India, he got an appointment as officiating professor of physics in

Calcutta’s Presidency College, but he was discriminated against and initially offered a lower salary than his European counterparts. With the university lacking resources for conducting proper research, he had to work against great odds. This was noted by the British social worker and author Sister Nivedita who wrote that she was “horrified” at the “continuous annoyance and petty difficulties” the scientist faced.

Bose nevertheless carried out various experiments in the college, including ones in refraction, polarisation and diffraction. He would use several types of junctions connected to a very sensitive galvanometer in order to receive radiation. In 1895, he gave a public demonstration of electromagnetic waves, using them to remotely ring a bell remotely and explode gunpowder. “The inventor (J.C. Bose) has transmitted signals to a distance of nearly a mile and herein lies the first and obvious and exceedingly valuable application of this new theoretical marvel,” England’s Daily Chronicle reported in 1896.  

Bose’s astonishing public demonstration predated similar work that was being done at the time by Russia’s Popov and the Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi, who is often credited as being the inventor of the radio. However, unlike Marconi, who was keen on finding commercial and practical uses to his research, Bose rarely thought along those lines.

“When Marconi was fighting one law suit from another, trying to establish the claims of his companies, Bose was immersed in a different world of scientific discoveries. Besides, he never made any official claim to being the pioneer of radio telegraphy and his nephew Prof. D. M. Bose recalls that when he (J.C. Bose) was to be asked as to who was the inventor of the radio, his answer used to be, ‘The invention is more important than the inventor’,” writes D.P. Sen Gupta in the book Remembering Sir J C Bose. “He (Jagadish Chandra Bose) was so consistent about his faith of distributing the fruits of one’s labour without thinking of personal benefits that he made it one of the rules of the constitution of the Bose Institute that he set up, that ‘no invention from this Institution should be patented’.”

By the turn of the century, Bose became more interested in plant research including showing the electrical nature of the conduction of various stimuli, such as chemical agents, in plants. A very popular teacher, he retired from Presidency College in 1915, but was made Professor Emeritus. The Bose Institute was founded two years later.

Bose, who also wrote a science fiction story, Niruddesher Kahini, in 1896, had a wide range of interests that helped him push the boundaries of conventional scientific thinking. “In the West, the prevailing tendency at the moment is, after a period of synthesis, to return upon the excessive sub-division of learning…,” he told a conference in 1911. “Such a caste system in scholarship, undoubtedly helps at first, in the gathering and classification of new material. But if followed too exclusively, it ends by limiting the comprehensiveness of truth.”  

After Jagadish Chandra Bose’s death in 1937, one of India’s greatest poets, the Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, had this to say about his friend: “Years ago, when Jagadish Chandra, in his militant exuberance of youthfulness, was contemptuously defying all obstacles to the progress of his endeavour, I came into intimate contact with him, and became infected with his vigorous hopefulness. There was every chance of his frightening me away into a respectful distance, making me aware of the airy nothingness of my own imaginings. But to my relief, I found in him a dreamer, and it seemed to me, what surely was a half-truth, that it was more his magical instinct than the probing of his reason which startled out secrets of nature before sudden flashes of his imagination.”

. Current .

Free Akal Takht from SGPC

Akal Takht, the highest temporal seat of Sikhs, has lost its supremacy and sovereignty and needs to be freed from the clutches of the SGPC. A meeting of Panthic Taalmel Sangathan, a conglomerate of various Sikh political, religious and social organizations, was held here in this regard.
During the meeting, Sangathan members said, “Sikh intellectuals and scholars have discussed the issue in the past but there has been no effort to free the Akal Takht from the clutches of the SGPC and its political bigwigs who control the religious body. As the Jathedars of Akal Takht have always been at the mercy of the SGPC, they have failed to do justice to the seat they occupy.”
Akal Takht Jathedar Gyani Gurbachan Singh had recently given a clean chit to Radhasoami Dera Beas in gurdwara demolition in Waraich village of Amritsar district. The move evoked wide criticism from the entire Sikh community.
Besides, when Punjab Deputy Chief Minister Sukhbir Singh Badal had proposed the opening of casinos in Ludhiana, the Jathedar did not raise any objection despite the fact that the Sikh religion does not allow gambling.
History is witness to the fact that whenever a Jathedar has dared to raise his voice against the SGPC or rubbed the Badals the wrong way, he has had to pay the price with his post. The day when the Jathedars either resigned by choice or held office till their last day seems to have faded from the memory of Akal Takht.

On August 5, 2008, a high-profile drama unfolded when the then Akal Takht Jathedar Joginder Singh Vedanti was sacked from his post and was replaced by Gyani Gurbachan Singh, the then head granthi at Darbar Sahib, Amritsar.
Ironically, Vedanti himself had replaced his predecessor under similar situation. He was appointed acting Jathedar of the Akal Takht on March 28, 2000 after Bibi Jagir Kaur, former president, SGPC, had blamed the then Jathedar of the Akal Takht Gyani Puran Singh of violating “Sikh maryada”.
Vedanti and Puran Singh were not the only Jathedars to be sacked unceremoniously. The trend had started way back in 1986 when Bhai Jasbir Singh Rhode was removed from authority. On April 28, 1998, hard-liner Bhai Ranjit Singh was sacked and Gyani Puran Singh was appointed Jathedar on February 15, 1999.
Vedanti, during his tenure as Akal Takht Jathedar, had written to the SGPC, seeking specific rules for the appointment of Jathedars of the three Punjab-based Takhts controlled by the SGPC – Akal Takht, Takht Kesgarh Sahib and Takht Damdama Sahib.
The SGPC has not replied to the issue so far, compelling the Panthic Taalmel Sangathan to take up the issue. Gyani Kewal Singh, former Jathedar of Takht Damdama Sahib, argued that if political interference in the affairs of the Akal Takht is not curbed, the Sikhs would not look towards the Takht with respect and for guidance.
Once the head priest of Akal Takht, Gyani Kewal Singh, further said, “People know that the SGPC announces only names. The selection is made ‘somewhere else’.”

We have seen how the Jathedars were humiliated and sacked. This should be put to an end and the dignity of the Takhts be restored,” he added. Gyani Gurbachan Singh, Jathedar Akal Takht “The head of the Akal Takht should be appointed by the SGPC after consultation with various Sikh organisations. And if need be, a similar procedure should be adopted for the removal of a Jathedar,” he emphasised.
Gyani Kewal Singh does not approve of the practice of the Sikh clergy holding closed-door meetings followed by an announcement of decisions to the media. “The meetings should be held in a ‘Sarbat Khalsa’ (religious gathering of Sikhs) at the Akal Takht and every decision should be announced before the ‘sangat’,” he added.

. . Informative .

Budha Dal Public School

The school is the gift of Chief of Budha Dal, ’96 Crori Singh Sahib Jathedar Baba Santa Singh Ji, Akali Budha Dal Panjwan Takhat. The school is run by the Shiromani Budha Dal Sikh Educational Society with Jathedar Baba Balbir Singh Ji, Chief Patron Managing Committee, Mrs. Sukhwinderjit Kaur, President Managing Committee, at the helm of affairs. S.Manmohan Singh Kohli is the Secretary of the Managing Committee. At present Dr. (Mrs.) Amrit Aujla is the Principal of the school. The school’s foundation was laid on May 06, 1984 by the Hon’ble Minister for Housing, Sports and Parliamentary Affairs, Sardar Buta SinghIt was started to provide the youth of this region with an opportunity to get an all round education based on an adaptation of the English public school system on Patiala’s tradition-enriched soil….

The aim of the school is to make its pupils cultured and useful members of society. They should, when they enter the world, be able to take an active interest in the betterment of the community and when they grow up to take their respective positions in life, having the advantage of a sound education, fit themselves usefully into the world of tomorrow…

School’s Annual Function School hold the annual function at the end of every Year, this gives the students a chance to explore their Personalities and prove themselves, Prize distribution is also done during these functions honouring the deserving candidates.

NCC Students are exposed to the wholesome influence and ethos of discipline and duty through the NCC Wing. The school has Air Wing for boys & Army Wing for girls.